Mapped: The Top Trade Partner of Every European Country

The Top Trade Partner of Every European Country

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Germany sits at the center of Europe’s trade network, but it is not the only global force shaping the continent’s economy.

This map highlights the top trading partner of each European country based on International Monetary Fund data for Q1-Q3 2025.

Europe’s nearly $30 trillion economy is diverse and spans sectors such as energy, manufacturing, and agriculture, yet nearly half of all European countries rely on the same major trading partner for their imports and exports.

Germany: The Center of Europe

Germany is the top trade partner for 19 European countries, more than six times as many as the next closest countries, which each count just three.

This dominance reflects Germany’s central role in European manufacturing, supply chains, and intra-EU trade.

The table below shows how many European countries rely on each nation as their top trade partner, highlighting Germany’s outsized role in the region.

Top Trade Partner (2025 Q1-Q3)	# of Countries
Germany	19
U.S.	3
China	3
Netherlands	3
Italy	2
Greece	2
France	1
Finland	1
Sweden	1
Lithuania	1
Poland	1
Romania	1
Serbia	1
Spain	1
Switzerland	1
Russia	1

The Dutch, French, and Italian economies, among others, are closely linked to Germany, which is a major industrial player and consumer of primary goods ranging from crude oil to agricultural products. German cars and other high-value exports, meanwhile, have found success across European markets, especially within the 27-member European Union.

The following table shows each European country’s largest trade partner.

Country	Largest Trade Partner 2025 (Q1-Q3)
Albania	Italy
Austria	Germany
Belarus	Russia
Belgium	Netherlands
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Germany
Bulgaria	Germany
Croatia	Germany
Cyprus	Greece
Czechia	Germany
Denmark	Germany
Estonia	Finland
Finland	Sweden
France	Germany
Germany	Netherlands
Greece	Germany
Hungary	Germany
Iceland	Netherlands
Ireland	US
Italy	Germany
Kosovo	Germany
Latvia	Lithuania
Lithuania	Poland
Luxembourg	Germany
Malta	Italy
Moldova	Romania
Montenegro	Serbia
Netherlands	Germany
North Macedonia	Greece
Norway	Germany
Poland	Germany
Portugal	Spain
Romania	Germany
Russia	China
Serbia	Germany
Slovakia	Germany
Slovenia	Switzerland
Spain	France
Sweden	Germany
Switzerland	US
Turkey	China
Ukraine	China
United Kingdom	US

While Germany is Europe’s trade giant, its own largest trade partner is the Netherlands. The two countries have an annual trading relationship worth more than $200 billion, marked by extensive economic integration and joint supply chains.

The Netherlands, home to Europe’s largest seaport at Rotterdam, is also the main trade partner of neighboring Belgium, with which it forms part of the Benelux union.

Europe’s Other Top Trading Partners

Many European countries trade most with their largest neighboring country. For example, Malta’s main trade partner is Italy. Portugal’s top trade partner is Spain, while Spain’s is France.

The Baltics take this a step further: Latvia’s largest trade partner is Lithuania, while Lithuania’s is Poland. Estonia’s main trade partner is Finland, while Finland’s is Sweden. Poland and Sweden, in turn, maintain their largest trade relationships with Germany.

Some clear exceptions emerge. As the world’s largest economy, the U.S. is the primary trade partner of Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland.

The Rise of China to the East

While Germany dominates within Europe, China is expanding its influence along the continent’s eastern edge.

It is now the top trade partner for Russia, Ukraine, and Turkey, displacing traditional European partners such as Germany in some cases.

Chinese exports to Russia and Ukraine play a major role in the country’s relationship with both Eastern European nations. Beijing also imports significant amounts of primary goods from the two warring countries, including food and mineral products from Ukraine as well as hydrocarbons from Russia.

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• Source: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-europes-largest-trade-partners/