Mapped: Which Countries Hold the Most Gold Reserves?

Mapped: Which Countries Hold the Most Gold Reserves?

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Gold remains one of the world’s most enduring stores of value, and central banks continue to accumulate it at record levels. The buying also cause the metal to hit record high prices in 2025.

This map highlights which countries hold the most gold in their official reserves. The data for this visualization comes from BullionVault, which tracks global central bank gold holdings. Figures represent official gold reserves in tonnes as of 2024.

Collectively, the U.S. and Europe control more than 60% of all reported reserves.

Rank	Country	Gold reserves (tonnes)
1	United States	8,133.5
2	Germany	3,351.6
3	Italy	2,451.9
4	France	2,437.0
5	Russia	2,333.1
6	China	2,279.6
7	Switzerland	1,039.9
8	India	876.2
9	Japan	846.0
10	Netherlands	612.5
11	Turkey	595.4
12	Poland	448.2
13	Portugal	382.7
14	Uzbekistan	382.6
15	Saudi Arabia	323.1
16	United Kingdom	310.3
17	Lebanon	286.8
18	Kazakhstan	284.1
19	Spain	281.6
20	Austria	280.0
21	Thailand	234.5
22	Belgium	227.4
23	Singapore	220.0
24	Algeria	173.6
25	Iraq	162.6
26	Libya	146.7
27	Azerbaijan	146.6
28	Philippines	130.5
29	Brazil	129.7
30	Egypt	126.9
31	Sweden	125.7
32	South Africa	125.4
33	Mexico	120.3
34	Greece	114.6
35	Qatar	110.8
36	Hungary	110.0
37	South Korea	104.4
38	Romania	103.6
39	Kuwait	79.0
40	Indonesia	78.6
41	United Arab Emirates	74.4
42	Jordan	71.6
43	Australia	70.9
44	Denmark	66.5
45	Pakistan	64.7
46	Argentina	61.7
47	Belarus	53.9
48	Venezuela	52.0
49	Czech Republic	51.2
50	Serbia	48.1
51	Cambodia	46.5
52	Finland	43.8
53	Bulgaria	40.9
54	Malaysia	38.9
55	Kyrgyzstan	38.1
56	Peru	34.7
57	Slovakia	31.7
58	Ghana	30.5
59	Ukraine	27.4
60	Ecuador	26.3
61	Syria	25.9
62	Bolivia	22.5
63	Morocco	22.1
64	Afghanistan	21.9
65	Bangladesh	14.3
66	Cyprus	13.9
67	Mauritius	12.4
68	Ireland	12.0
69	Paraguay	8.2
70	Mongolia	7.3
71	Myanmar	7.3
72	Georgia	7.1
73	Guatemala	6.9
74	Tunisia	6.8
75	Latvia	6.7
76	Guinea	6.3
77	Lithuania	5.8
78	Colombia	4.7
79	Bahrain	4.7
80	Mozambique	3.9
81	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3.5
82	Albania	3.4
83	Slovenia	3.2
84	Luxembourg	2.2
85	Hong Kong	2.1
86	Iceland	2.0
87	Trinidad and Tobago	1.9
88	Haiti	1.8
89	El Salvador	1.4
90	Papua New Guinea	1.3
91	Suriname	1.2
92	Honduras	0.7
93	Dominican Republic	0.6
94	Sri Lanka	0.5
95	Estonia	0.2
96	Chile	0.2
97	Malta	0.2
98	Solomon Islands	0.2
99	Uruguay	0.1
100	Bhutan	0.1
101	Moldova	0.1

The United States Dominates Global Gold Holdings

The United States remains the world’s largest holder of gold by a wide margin, with 8,133.5 tonnes, a figure virtually unchanged for decades. Most of this gold is stored at Fort Knox and the New York Federal Reserve.

At current prices, America’s reserves are worth over $1 trillion, serving as a strategic asset that underpins confidence in the U.S. dollar.

Europe’s Long-Standing Reserves Remain Strong

Europe’s major economies—Germany (3,352 tonnes), Italy (2,452 tonnes), and France (2,437 tonnes)—collectively hold nearly 8,200 tonnes, rivaling the U.S. total.

These large holdings date back to the postwar Bretton Woods era, when gold underpinned the international monetary system.

China’s gold reserves have surged from 1,948 tonnes in 2019 to 2,280 tonnes in 2024, as Beijing diversifies away from U.S. Treasury holdings and seeks to internationalize the yuan.

India, now the world’s fifth-largest economy, holds 876 tonnes.

Other emerging markets, including Turkey (595 tonnes) and Poland (448 tonnes), have sharply increased gold holdings to hedge against inflation, currency volatility, and geopolitical uncertainty.

Beyond the Top 10: Smaller Nations Build Resilience

Countries like Uzbekistan (383 tonnes) and Saudi Arabia (323 tonnes) also feature prominently, highlighting the growing appeal of gold among energy and resource-rich economies. In addition, developing nations such as Thailand, Singapore, and Kazakhstan are quietly increasing their reserves as a safeguard against global shocks.

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• Source: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-which-countries-hold-the-most-gold-reserves/