Conventional lithium-ion batteries are nearing their practical energy limit of about 300 Wh kg-1, while liquid electrolytes raise leakage and fire risks. Lithium (Li) metal anodes offer a high theoretical capacity of 3,860 mAh g-1 and low potential, and lithium-rich manganese-based oxide (LRMO) cathodes can exceed 250 mAh g-1, making Li-LRMO solid-state batteries attractive. In situ polymerized quasi-solid-state gel electrolytes (QSEs) are promising, but they usually require thermal initiation above 60 °C with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator.
