The Fertility Rate of Every Country in the World

The Fertility Rate of Every Country in the World

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Fertility rates are falling across much of the world, dropping from roughly five births per woman in the 1960s to a global average of 2.2 in 2024. The shift is reshaping long-term population growth, economic outlooks, and age demographics worldwide.

This visualization shows the fertility rate of every country and territory alongside its population size. Each segment is sized by population and shaded by fertility rate, revealing where birth rates remain high and where populations are aging rapidly.

The data comes from the United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 Revision, using 2025 medium-variant estimates for both population and fertility.

Most of the World Is Below Replacement Fertility

About 71% of the global population lives in countries or territories with fertility rates below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman.

Replacement fertility refers to the birth rate needed for a population to maintain its size over time without immigration. Falling below that threshold for long periods can lead to aging populations, labor shortages, and slower economic growth.

Central to this global shift are India and China, the world’s two most populous countries.

The data table below shows population and fertility rates across 236 countries and territories.

Country	Population (thousands)	Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
India	1,460,000	1.94
China	1,420,000	1.02
United States	347,300	1.62
Indonesia	285,700	2.10
Pakistan	255,200	3.50
Nigeria	237,500	4.30
Brazil	212,800	1.60
Bangladesh	175,700	2.11
Russia	144,000	1.46
Ethiopia	135,500	3.81
Mexico	131,900	1.87
Japan	123,100	1.23
Egypt	118,400	2.71
Philippines	116,800	1.88
DR Congo	112,800	5.90
Vietnam	101,600	1.88
Iran	92,400	1.67
Turkey	87,700	1.62
Germany	84,100	1.46
Thailand	71,600	1.19
Tanzania	70,500	4.47
United Kingdom	69,500	1.54
France	66,700	1.64
South Africa	64,800	2.19
Italy	59,100	1.21
Kenya	57,500	3.12
Myanmar	54,900	2.08
Colombia	53,400	1.62
South Korea	51,700	0.75
Sudan	51,700	4.19
Uganda	51,400	4.06
Spain	47,900	1.23
Algeria	47,400	2.67
Iraq	47,000	3.17
Argentina	45,900	1.50
Afghanistan	43,800	4.66
Yemen	41,800	4.41
Canada	40,100	1.33
Angola	39,000	4.95
Ukraine	39,000	1.00
Morocco	38,400	2.18
Poland	38,100	1.31
Uzbekistan	37,000	3.45
Malaysia	36,000	1.53
Mozambique	35,600	4.62
Ghana	35,100	3.30
Peru	34,600	1.94
Saudi Arabia	34,600	2.29
Madagascar	32,700	3.84
Ivory Coast	32,700	4.17
Cameroon	29,900	4.19
Nepal	29,600	1.94
Venezuela	28,500	2.06
Niger	27,900	5.79
Australia	27,000	1.64
Dem. People’s Republic of Korea	26,600	1.77
Syria	25,600	2.66
Mali	25,200	5.42
Burkina Faso	24,100	4.00
Sri Lanka	23,200	1.94
Taiwan	23,100	0.86
Malawi	22,200	3.53
Zambia	21,900	3.97
Chad	21,000	5.94
Kazakhstan	20,800	2.95
Chile	19,900	1.13
Somalia	19,600	5.91
Senegal	18,900	3.71
Romania	18,900	1.71
Guatemala	18,700	2.26
Netherlands	18,400	1.44
Ecuador	18,300	1.79
Cambodia	17,900	2.51
Zimbabwe	16,900	3.62
Guinea	15,100	4.04
Benin	14,800	4.42
Rwanda	14,600	3.59
Burundi	14,400	4.68
Bolivia	12,600	2.50
Tunisia	12,300	1.80
South Sudan	12,200	3.71
Haiti	11,900	2.59
Belgium	11,800	1.39
Jordan	11,500	2.57
Dominican Republic	11,500	2.19
United Arab Emirates	11,300	1.21
Honduras	11,000	2.45
Cuba	10,900	1.45
Tajikistan	10,800	2.99
Papua New Guinea	10,800	3.03
Sweden	10,700	1.44
Czechia	10,600	1.47
Portugal	10,400	1.52
Azerbaijan	10,400	1.66
Greece	9,900	1.34
Togo	9,700	4.07
Hungary	9,600	1.50
Israel	9,500	2.75
Austria	9,100	1.33
Belarus	9,000	1.22
Switzerland	9,000	1.44
Sierra Leone	8,800	3.61
Laos	7,900	2.36
Turkmenistan	7,600	2.63
Libya	7,500	2.25
Hong Kong	7,400	0.74
Kyrgyzstan	7,300	2.75
Paraguay	7,000	2.39
Nicaragua	7,000	2.18
Bulgaria	6,700	1.74
Serbia	6,700	1.50
Congo	6,500	4.05
El Salvador	6,400	1.75
Denmark	6,000	1.52
Singapore	5,900	0.96
Lebanon	5,800	2.21
Liberia	5,700	3.79
Finland	5,600	1.30
Norway	5,600	1.42
Palestine	5,600	3.19
Central African Republic	5,500	5.81
Oman	5,500	2.48
Slovakia	5,500	1.57
Mauritania	5,300	4.56
Ireland	5,300	1.60
New Zealand	5,200	1.65
Costa Rica	5,200	1.31
Kuwait	5,000	1.50
Panama	4,600	2.09
Croatia	3,900	1.47
Georgia	3,800	1.79
Eritrea	3,600	3.61
Mongolia	3,500	2.58
Uruguay	3,400	1.39
Puerto Rico	3,200	0.94
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,100	1.50
Qatar	3,100	1.70
Namibia	3,100	3.17
Moldova	3,000	1.72
Armenia	3,000	1.71
Jamaica	2,800	1.34
Lithuania	2,800	1.22
Gambia	2,800	3.80
Albania	2,800	1.33
Gabon	2,600	3.54
Botswana	2,600	2.66
Lesotho	2,400	2.64
Guinea-Bissau	2,200	3.68
Slovenia	2,100	1.58
Equatorial Guinea	1,900	4.04
Latvia	1,900	1.35
North Macedonia	1,800	1.47
Kosovo (under UNSC res. 1244)	1,700	1.53
Bahrain	1,600	1.78
Trinidad and Tobago	1,500	1.52
Timor-Leste	1,400	2.56
Cyprus	1,400	1.37
Estonia	1,300	1.37
Mauritius	1,300	1.21
Eswatini	1,300	2.68
Djibouti	1,200	2.58
Fiji	930	2.25
Comoros	880	3.76
Réunion	880	2.13
Solomon Islands	840	3.47
Guyana	840	2.37
Bhutan	800	1.44
Macao	720	0.69
Luxembourg	680	1.40
Suriname	640	2.21
Montenegro	630	1.80
Western Sahara	600	2.15
Malta	550	1.11
Maldives	530	1.55
Cape Verde	530	1.50
Brunei	470	1.71
Belize	420	2.01
Bahamas	400	1.36
Iceland	400	1.50
Guadeloupe	370	2.05
Martinique	340	1.97
Mayotte	340	4.50
Vanuatu	340	3.53
French Guiana	310	3.29
New Caledonia	300	1.95
Barbados	280	1.70
French Polynesia	280	1.48
Sao Tome and Principe	240	3.53
Samoa	220	3.75
Curacao	190	1.07
St. Lucia	180	1.38
Guam	170	2.71
Kiribati	140	3.09
Seychelles	130	2.08
Grenada	120	1.46
Micronesia	110	2.71
Aruba	110	1.61
Jersey	100	1.38
Tonga	100	3.07
St. Vincent & Grenadines	100	1.75
Antigua and Barbuda	90	1.58
United States Virgin Islands	80	2.07
Isle of Man	80	1.53
Andorra	80	1.10
Cayman Islands	80	1.51
Dominica	70	1.47
Bermuda	60	1.41
Guernsey	60	1.37
Faroe Islands	60	2.20
Greenland	60	1.91
St. Kitts & Nevis	50	1.51
Turks and Caicos Islands	50	1.44
American Samoa	50	2.25
Sint Maarten	40	1.43
Northern Mariana Islands	40	2.28
Liechtenstein	40	1.54
Gibraltar	40	1.88
British Virgin Islands	40	1.06
Monaco	40	2.09
Marshall Islands	40	2.82
San Marino	30	1.16
Bonaire	30	1.45
Saint Martin (French part)	20	2.63
Palau	20	1.86
Anguilla	10	1.35
Cook Islands	10	2.00
Nauru	10	3.25
St. Barthélemy	10	0.83
Wallis & Futuna	10	1.40
Tuvalu	10	3.14
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	10	1.28
St. Helena	10	1.64
Montserrat	0	1.45
Falkland Islands	0	1.69
Tokelau	0	2.57
Niue	0	2.46

India’s fertility rate sits at 1.94, while China’s is much lower at 1.02 due in part to its one-child policy, which was enforced from 1980–2015. Despite policy reversals and birth subsidies, no country that experienced a fertility decline as steep as China’s has fully recovered.

Fertility Trends Divided Among the Largest Populations

Among the world’s 10 largest populations, six are below replacement fertility. Alongside India and China, the U.S., Indonesia, Brazil, and Russia all fall below 2.1 births per woman.

Conversely, several of the world’s most populous countries remain well above replacement. Pakistan has a fertility rate of 3.50, Nigeria sits at 4.30, and Ethiopia at 3.81.

Future global population growth is increasingly concentrated in a smaller number of high-fertility countries, particularly across Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia.

Sub-Saharan Africa Has the World’s Highest Fertility

Overall, the highest fertility rates in the dataset are found in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the population-weighted fertility rate is about four. Chad (5.94 births per woman), Somalia (5.91), and DR Congo (5.90) recorded the region’s highest fertility rates in 2025.

Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to drive most of the world’s net population growth through 2100, with Nigeria alone projected to surpass the U.S. in population before 2050.

These countries stand in sharp contrast to places with very low fertility. Macao has the lowest fertility rate in the dataset at 0.69, followed by Hong Kong at 0.74 and South Korea at 0.75.

The gap between the world’s highest- and lowest-fertility countries is now historically wide, highlighting how uneven demographic change has become across regions.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

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• Source: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/fertility-rate-of-world-populations/