Ranked: Who Controls the World’s Uranium Supply?
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Key Takeaways
- Kazakhstan produced more than one-third of the world’s uranium in 2024, far ahead of every other country.
- Canada and Namibia sharply increased output as nuclear demand and uranium prices recovered.
- U.S. uranium production remains near historic lows despite renewed focus on domestic supply security.
Nuclear power is regaining momentum as countries seek stable electricity supplies and lower-carbon energy sources. That has pushed uranium, the fuel used in nuclear reactors, back into focus.
This visualization uses data from the World Nuclear Association to show annual uranium production by country from 2015 to 2024.
Kazakhstan remains the dominant supplier by a wide margin, while countries like Canada and Namibia have rapidly expanded production in recent years.
Kazakhstan Dominates Global Uranium Supply
Kazakhstan produced 23,270 tonnes of uranium in 2024, accounting for more than one-third of global output.
| Rank (2024) | Country | 2015 (Tonnes) | 2024 (Tonnes) | Change (2015-2024) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Kazakhstan |
23,607 | 23,270 | -1.4% |
| 2 |  Canada |
13,325 | 14,309 | 7.4% |
| 3 |  Namibia |
2,993 | 7,333 | 145.0% |
| 4 |  Australia |
5,654 | 4,598 | -18.7% |
| 5 |  Uzbekistan |
2,385 | 4,000 | 67.7% |
| 6 |  Russia |
3,055 | 2,738 | -10.4% |
| 7 |  China |
1,616 | 1,600 | -1.0% |
| 8 |  Niger |
4,116 | 962 | -76.6% |
| 9 |  India |
385 | 500 | 29.9% |
| 10 |  South Africa |
393 | 200 | -49.1% |
| 11 |  Ukraine |
1,200 | 288 | -76.0% |
| 12 |  USA |
1,256 | 260 | -79.3% |
| — | Others | 357 | 155 | -56.6% |
| — |  World total |
60,342 | 60,213 | -0.2% |
The country combines large sandstone uranium deposits with low-cost in-situ recovery mining techniques, which are generally cheaper and less labor-intensive than conventional mining. State-backed producer Kazatomprom has also helped scale production efficiently over the last decade. Kazakhstan also ranks second globally in uranium reserves.
While Kazakhstan’s output dipped during the pandemic years, production rebounded strongly by 2024 as uranium demand and prices recovered.
Canada and Namibia Expand Production
Canada ranked as the world’s second-largest uranium producer in 2024, with output rising to 14,309 tonnes.
Production had previously collapsed in 2020 due to mine shutdowns and weak market conditions, but the restart of major projects such as Cigar Lake and McArthur River helped drive a sharp recovery.
Namibia also strengthened its position as a major supplier, producing 7,333 tonnes in 2024. The country has emerged as one of the fastest-growing uranium suppliers in the world, supported by large open-pit mines and rising foreign investment tied to growing nuclear fuel demand.
U.S. Production Begins Recovering
U.S. uranium production nearly disappeared in 2020, falling to just six tonnes as low prices made domestic mining uneconomical.
However, the sector has started recovering amid higher uranium prices and geopolitical concerns surrounding global supply chains. Restrictions on Russian uranium imports have also increased interest in rebuilding domestic production capacity.
Even after rebounding from near-zero production in 2020, the U.S. produced just 260 tonnes of uranium in 2024 versus more than 23,000 tonnes in Kazakhstan. The gap highlights how dependent global nuclear fuel markets remain on a small number of suppliers.
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